Welding t and method of making same



May 9, 1939. J. H. WILLIAMS 2,157,274

WELDING T AND METHOD 0F MAKING SAME med April 21, 1937- fl/YES HOWARD WILL/w INVENTOR.

2 ATTORNEY Patented May 9,

UNITED STATES.

PATENT ori-Ica wELolNG 'r Ann Manton or MAKING sam:

James Howard B. I., assignor to General Fire Extintulsher Company, Proviaenee. a. r.,

a corporation of Delaware Application anni 27. 1937, 'serai Harnais:

zu im 1011294515 or nozzleon 'theside thereof from thefmaterial ofthe pipe itself. To thus draw out the material of the pipe walland obtain a suitable wall thickness for the nozzle, it isl essential that the pipe used for the T `have a walll thickness `greater than the pipeV to which the T is ultimately to be welded. But when the end of'such a T ispresented to a.pip`e considerable dimculty is 'experienced in accurately aligning the two so that their inner surfaces may constitute a smooth passageway. it is an object of this invention to form the en d of a welding T, having a wall thicknessl greater than that of the pipe to which it is to be welded, in such manner that an' aligning tool may be applied externally to the pipe and T and effect accurate alignment of their inner surfaces.

'I'he best mode in which I have contemplated applying the principles of my invention is shown in the accompanying `Vdrawing but theseare to be taken as merely illustrative because it is intended that the patent shall cover by suitable expression in appended'claims whatever features of patentable novelty exist in theinvention disclosed.

In the drawing: v I Figure 1 is a sectional view through two pipes and a piece of another pipe from which a welding .T is to "be formed and ultimately welded to the ends of the twol pipes;

Figure 2.is a sectional view of the piece of pipe Y. 'after the side outlet or nozzle has been drawn out from the wall thereof;

Figure 3 is another sectional view taken'as on line3-3 of Figure 2; f- 4 Figure 4 isvanotherV sectional view on larger scale showing the welding` T after it has been formed in accordance with the present invention; l Figure 5 is an elevation of two pipes'with-the welding T between them, showing how the T may be accurately aligned with the pipes preparatory to welding; and Y constructed in Aaccordance with the present invention.'

la{Referring more particularly to the drawing,

gure 14 shows the relative.v sizes of two pipes I 65 'and a pipe section 2 from which a welding T is Figure 6 is a side elevation of the improved T mbe formed dieter welded inner 'diameter' d of each pipe and the inner ldiameter dof the said section are substantially the -But the external diameter D of the section 1B. lllledubly greater than the external 6 diameter D'Io'f the pipebecause the section has amuch'thicker This isv desirably' so because l the side outlet on nozzle 3 0! the T is formed from the material ofthefpipait being drawn out as clearlyaeen inv 2 and 3. During this 10 drawing operation 4the material lin the nozzle becomes'thinner-soth'at its finished wall is substantially the same thickness as that of a pipe to which it may later be welded. But the remaining ends. of the T are thus far unchanged l5 4and'it is diicult to align them with a pipe so .that the inner surfaces at their junction will present no deflection from a smooth continuous surface.

Heretofore it has been customary to provide a 20 short chamfer t (see Figure 5) at the extreme end of the pipe and another vsuch chamfer 5 at the end of the T, such, chamfers usually being at an angle of about 45. From the inner edge of thisf45 chamfer onthe T, another chai'nfered 25 portion .6 has extended tothe normal outer surface 1 ofthe pipefthis latter chamfered portion being about 15. All suchl chamfered surfaces have been of no assistance, however, in accuratelyaligning pipe and T preparatory to weld- 3o 'To provide for such desired accurate alignment the present inventionv contemplates the f ormation'of a straight cylindrical surface 8 on Y 45 Preparatory to welding, the pipe I is presented' l.to the improved-T4 as shown in Figure 5 and an aligning tool 9, such as fprexample the straight edge shown. is laid on `the outer surface of the pipe end-on the prepared cylindrical surface 8 of w the T. Since these two surfaces are of substanu tially the same diameter and equi-distant from the longitudinal axes of. the pipe and T, the inner surfaces of the two, adjacent the 'aligning tool, will be' in accurate alignment. Having thus 55 to the pipes. 'I'he other location around the pipe and the cylindrical surface of the T. When the outer surface of the pipe and -the cylindrical surface of the T vare in alignment at thisy new location, and the former aligned relation has not been shifted, the inner surfaces of the pipe and the T are in accurate alignment. The pipe and T may then be welded together, preferably by rst taclsingv them together at separated points around the adjacent edges and then by completing the welding all around.

It is to be understood that in thus aligning the pipe and the T their' adjacent edges are not butted together but a suitable space is left so that as the material cools and shrinks after the welding is done' the extreme edges of the pipe and- T will not exert sufcient pressure on one another to cause high residual stresses in the weld.

l. A T for welding made from asection of pipe having an extra thick wail for its internal diameter, a nozzle drawn from the wall of said section having a wall thickness corresponding to the standard wall thickness for the internal diameter of said nozzle, a chamfer on the edge of said nozzle for purposes of welding, a chamfer on the edge of each leg of the T for purpose of welding, and a cylindrical surface on each said leg beginning at said chamfer and extending toward said nozzle; the thickness of the T wall at said cylindrical surface corresponding to the standard wall thickness for the internal diameter of the leg.

2. The method of preparing a T fitting from a section of pipe having an extra thick wall for its internal diameter which comprises drawing a nozzle on one side of the section so that the thickness of the wall of said nozzle corresponds to the standard wall thickness for the internal diameter of the nozzle, cutting an external chamfer around the edge of said nozzle for purpose of welding, cutting a similar external chamfer around the edge of each aligned leg of the T. 

